What Is Osteomyelitis?
Osteomyelitis is a serious infection of bone tissue. It is generally caused by bacteria or fungi and, if untreated, can lead to bone loss and serious complications. Osteomyelitis is classified as acute or chronic. Acute osteomyelitis develops rapidly, whereas chronic osteomyelitis is a long-lasting infection that is more difficult to treat.
Causes of Osteomyelitis
- Infection after a fracture
- Infections developing after surgery
- Bacteria carried through the bloodstream (hematogenous spread)
- Infections developing in patients with diabetes or weakened immune systems
- Open injuries and contaminated traumatic fractures
- Blood circulation problems
Symptoms of Osteomyelitis
- Severe bone pain
- Swelling, redness and increased warmth at the fracture site
- Fever and fatigue
- Delayed or worsening fracture healing
- Discharge and pus at the surgical wound
- Restricted movement and signs of infection near a joint
How Is Osteomyelitis Diagnosed?
Various tests and imaging methods are used for diagnosis:
- Blood Tests: Assessment of infection markers (CRP, ESR, white blood cells)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Determining the extent of infection in the bone
- Computed Tomography (CT): Used to examine bone damage in detail
- Bone Biopsy: A tissue sample is taken to identify the cause of infection
Osteomyelitis Treatment Methods
- Antibiotic and Antifungal Treatment: Appropriate medications are used according to the organism causing the infection.
- Surgery: Removal of infected bone tissue (debridement) or bone grafting.
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Accelerates resolution of infection by increasing blood circulation.
- Supportive Treatments: Adjustment of nutrition and intake of vitamins and minerals that strengthen the immune system.
- Replacement of Prostheses and Plates: Removal of infected surgical implants and replacement with new prostheses.
Recovery from Osteomyelitis
Treatment duration depends on infection severity. Antibiotic treatment usually lasts 4-6 weeks. Rehabilitation may be needed after surgery. Patients should take the prescribed medications regularly and follow hygiene precautions.
Conclusion
Bone conditions such as malunion, nonunion and osteomyelitis can cause serious health problems. Early diagnosis and effective treatment enable patients to live healthily. If you have problems with bone healing or signs of infection, consult a specialist to determine the most appropriate treatment.
